His recent consultancies include a policy and program analysis on somalia for usaid 2004. By ken menkhaus somalia a country in peril, a policy nightmare this is the first of two enough strategy papers on somalia by ken menkhaus, a professor at davidson college and a specialist on the horn of africa. He has served as senior technical advisor to the united nations development office for somalia, nairobi and kenya and was special political advisor to the policy planning group of the united nations operation in somalia unosom from 1993 to 1994. Journal of conflict, security, and development summer 2004. In late june 2014, the international crisis group icg issued a report on somalia suggesting that in spite. Professor ken menkhaus defines the elite compact as the unofficial agreement among the somali political elite to play the game of politics in a way that helps everyone receive his share of the cake model and the stalemate between the fgs and fms on a range of policy issues, 2020 is likely to be much more challenging for. Available evidence suggests that the trend toward greater levels of armed conflict is likely to intensify with the arrival of a combination of transformational changes in the regional political economy, including new county budget lines in northern kenya. Somalias protracted crisis of complete state collapse is unprecedented and has defied easy explanation.
Alshababs attack on nairobis westgate shopping mall in september 20 raised important questions about the resilience and possible resurgence of a jihadist group that most believed had fallen on hard times since 2011. State collapse and the threat of terrorism adelphi paper 364, 2004, and is currently completing a book on protracted conflict in the horn of africa, supported by a grant from the us. It grew out of resistance to the military junta led by siad barre during the 1980s. By 19881990, the somali armed forces began engaging various armed rebel groups, including the somali salvation democratic front in the. It rejects the fgs and the principles on which it is based, seeks to drive out foreign. Ken menkhaus, professor of political science at davidson college and. Somalias history of conflict reveals an intriguing paradoxnamely, many of the factors that drive armed conflict have also played a role in managing, ending, or preventing war. Ken menkhaus is professor of political science at davidson college, north carolina.
The objective of the conflict analysis exercise is to increase the banks and its partners understanding of conflict sources and dynamics in the three main regions of somalia to help guide further policyprogram development in the country. Community discussions were held in 10 communities in the gode, adadelie and afder weredas. Somalia case study ken menkhaus stabilisation unit february 2018. Terrorists have found somalia inhospitable, using it mainly for shortterm transshipment. Communities are reduced to lawlessness, and the interests of commercial elites have shifted towards rule of law, but not a revived central state. Women have very limited opportunities to participate in formal somali peace processes. Ken menkhaus dr ken menkhaus is professor of political science at davidson college, nc, usa. This work explores somalias state collapse and the security threats posed by somalias prolonged crisis. The response to somali refugees coming to ethiopia and djibouti are analyzed in separate hcas but should be understood together with the somalia crisis analysis.
Vicious circles and the security development nexus in somalia. Ken menkhaus, kenyasomalia border conflict analysis nairobi. English analysis on somalia about protection and human rights. Menkhaus is the author of over fifty articles, book chapters, and monographs, including somalia. The somalia crisis regional humanitarian analysis focuses on the humanitarian situation in somalia and its effects on neighboring countries, mainly kenya. After the kenyan intervention in somalia enough project. The main purpose of this study was to do a critical analysis of the role of traditional leaders in mediation, look at their importance in conflict management and propose recommendations that would contribute to strengthening the use of traditional leaders in international conflict. However, the piracy issue and the resulting security and. Somalias human rights and international humanitarian law ratifications 153 section 2. Some questioned whether the attack was evidence that alshabab had become a more dangerous transnational threat, while others suggested it was an. Grassroots conflict assessment of the somali region, ethiopia. After the kenyan intervention in somalia by ken menkhaus january 2012 in this wednesday, dec. Ryan nichols undps bureau for conflict prevention and recovery bcrp. In his paper, state fragility as a wicked problem, ken menkhaus argues that somalia is a wicked problem rather than tame problem.
The collapse of the somali state was the consequence of a combination of internal and external factors. These crises and the sometimes spectacular failures of international response to those crises produced a growing realization that conventional development approaches were insufficient and in some instances counterproductive in postconflict settings. The role of traditional leaders in conflict management in. But faiza jama describes how they have provided critical leadership in civil society peace initiatives in mogadishu and elsewhere to reduce violence and create conditions for dialogue, by demolishing checkpoints, demobilising militia, monitoring human rights and interceding between belligerents. This 2012 somalia human development report is dedicated to somalias young women and men.
Background to elite bargains and political deals project. World development report 2011 background case study somalia and the horn of africa ken menkhaus davidson university april 2011 final revisions received the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. The rdp is a national plan that lays out, in a prioritized, sequenced manner, somalias 5 year key national recovery, reconstruction and development priorities, priority actions, outcomes and their financial implications. Governance without government in somalia belfer center for.
War between ethiopia and somalia partially over somali region. Situation and trend analysis ken menkhaus 20 september 2004. Local security systems in somali east africa springerlink. Thus, behind closed doors, somalia is viewed and dealt with as a dystopian society that requires new doctrine and. Nonetheless, professor ken menkhaus of davidson collegean expert on the countrys ongoing political transitionsaid much work was required to recapture momentum from the 2012 establishment of a new federal government, which brought in new political and security expertise, international support, and financial investment. Abstract the somalia conflict is rooted in issues of identity, war culture, external influences, struggle over power and resources, and a lack of social, economic and political infrastructure. State collapse and the threat of terrorism 2004, governance without government in somalia in international security 2007, if mayors ruled somalia, 2014 and conflict assessment. When approaching the somali conflict, it is important to take a holistic approach when addressing the root causes to the many issues that somalia faces. Somalias catastrophic humanitarian crisis of 2007, in which up to 300,000 mogadishu residents were displaced in fighting pitting ethiopian and transitional federal government tfg forces against a complex insurgency of clan and islamist opposition, was the culmination of a series of political miscalculations and misjudgements on the part of somali and external actors since. Conflict dynamics and analysis 22 the political economy of war 24. A history of mediation in somalia since 1988 a history of mediation in somalia since 1988 3 this report was completed as the djibouti agreement was in its preliminary phases of implementation and hence could not include the djibouti talks between the. State failure, statebuilding, and prospects for a functional failed state in somalia ken menkhaus the annals of the american academy of political and social science 2014 656. Subscribe view highlights from our past newsletters the africa portal is a research repository and. Disaggregating the somali debacle into three distinct crises collapse of central government, protracted armed conflict, and lawlessness helps to produce more nuanced analysis.
Settlement, ownership and displacement in a contested city. Externally there were the legacies of european colonialism that divided the somali people into five states, the impact of cold war politics in shoring up a predatory state, and the cumulative effect of wars with neighbouring states, most damagingly the 197778 ogaden war with ethiopia. Ken menkhaus, governance without government in somalia, international security 31. For instance, clannism and clan cleavages are a source of conflictused to divide somalis, fuel endemic clashes over resources and power, used to mobilize militia. Somali women and peacebuilding conciliation resources. Ken menkhaus is professor and chair of political science at davidson college, where. Mediation efforts in somalia 1 dr ken menkhaus is professor of political science at davidson college,north carolina,and a specialist on the horn of africa. Based on recent field research, the first half of this report provides an. Somalia, congo, rwanda, haiti, mozambique, afghanistan, and guatemala, to name only a few. Placing youth at the centre of analysis, it explores how development, humanitarian assistance and peacebuilding can become more responsive by mobilizing and empowering youth as positive agents of change. Sign up for the latest analysis and policy research on africa. Conflict analysis northern kenya and somaliland executive. Mediation efforts in somalia ken menkhaus, davidson college.
579 472 833 968 720 1182 787 555 853 493 1300 1328 292 565 397 690 927 345 533 1483 1373 29 1473 684 901 433 108 1406 299 716 1077 978 753 32 389 1220 515 541 373 1278 1097 1101 1019 276 1198